by Mr. Gerold Wyrwal

POPs Pesticide - Use in Agriculture

- in plant protection

(forestry, crops against termites, in maize)

- in wood for construction purposes

Use decreased drastically:

1) Chlordane and Heptachlor:

against termites damaging plants, and in wood for construction

2) Mirex

control of ants

3) Residual use of others

DDT against agricultural pests

Solutions / Alternatives are available

however, costs, application different, less persistence, less long lasting effects

- IPM

- destruction of stocks

- pesticide risk reduction programmes

PESTICIDE USE STATISTICS

Role of statistics:

- research

- legislation, policy advice

- agricultural support

Objective:

a) Providing data

-Provision of annual use data

- total amount of pesticides used

- area controlled

-Provide information to agricultural policy makers

-Identification of hazards to human health and the environment

-International comparison of pesticide use data

b) Monitoring over time

- use on particular crops

- use of particular groups of pesticides

c) Identification of pesticides required in agriculture

d) Information for approval process for new pesticides

e) Movement of pesticides into waters

f) Monitoring farmers practices

g) Residue monitoring on food

FAO Questionnaire on Pesticide Consumption

Categories of pesticides

- insecticides

- herbicides

- fungicides

- plant growth regulator

- rodenticides

Annex: categories of Plant Protection Products

Method of Collection

- Personal visits

- Postal surveys

- Sales statistics

PESTICIDE STORAGE AND STOCK MANAGEMENT

Pesticide Stores

- design and structure of the building

Storage of pesticides

- stacking positions, height

Pesticide shelf life

- ordering

- inspection

- outdated

- disposal

Stock planning and recording system

Local transport of pesticides

Spills, leaks, disposal of containers and pesticides

Protective clothing

Emergencies:

- fire

- flood

- destruction

Worker Safety

Prevention of accumulation of obsolete stocks

When are pesticides obsolete:

- withdrawn from the market

- deteriorated product

- not suitable for originally intended use

Causes of accumulation:

- banning of product

- poor stock and storage management

- unsuitable packaging

- excess donations and packaging

- inadequate co-ordination

commercial interests of pesticide industry

Prevention of accumulation

- Use reduction:

IPM

use reduction programmes

- keep stocks as low as possible

- make accurate assessments of requirements

- review the role of governments in pesticide distribution

- anticipate the effects of changes in pricing policies

- tender procedure should be very specific

- exchange risk evaluation between countries

- ensure proper labeling, storage and stock management

- anticipate the effects of banning products

- ensure safety in private sector stores

- ensure that import complies with national pesticide legislation

- ensure that supplier delivers correct product

- avoid large strategic stocks

- enforce product stewardship