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What are POPs? History |
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| POPs Chemicals:
Analytical Methods |
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Monitoring
and Assessment
Funding Capacity Building |
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Regional
Seas Glossary |
Problem Identification: monitoring and assessment
"The monitoring and assessment activities of the Action Plans provide a scientific basis for setting regional priorities and policies. Regional institutions and experts participate in a programme to determine the causes of environmental problems as well as their magnitude and impact on the region. These may include scientific baseline studies; research and monitoring of the sources, levels and effects of marine pollutants; ecosystem studies; studies of coastal and marine activities. Assessments are also made of the social and economic factors that relate to environmental degradation; and the status and effectiveness of national environmental legislation.
Data from monitoring activities is not often collected with the intention to build comparable data sets. Instead there are different groups of studies with comparable data in their restricted area. Some examples are: research studies, regional assessment studies or, monitoring activities referring to the same project. Below are listed monitoring and assessment tools: first activities and tools regarding the Regional Seas and POPs, then reports of monitoring activities in Regional Seas and, finally, links or tools developed in the framework of global monitoring activities.
Monitoring Tools from the Regional Seas Programme
Identification and Quantification of Dioxins and Furans
Releases
Regional Seas Assessment Reports
Global and Regional Monitoring Activities
Read more about POPs Monitoring and Assessing
Monitoring Tools from the Regional Seas Programme
Barcelona Convention (Mediterranean Sea)
MTS 116.
UNEP/IAEA: Data Quality Review for MED POL (1994-1995), Evaluation of
the analytical performance of MED POL laboratories during 1994-1995 in
IAEA/UNEP laboratory performance studies for the determination of trace
elements and trace organic contaminants in marine biological and sediment
samples. MAP Technical Reports Series No. 116. UNEP, Athens, 1997 (126
pgs.) (English only).
MTS 109.
UNEP/WHO: Survey of pollutants from land-based sources in the Mediterranean.
MAP Technical Reports Series No. 109. UNEP, Athens, 1996 (188 pgs.) (English
and French).
MTS 81.
UNEP/IAEA: Data quality review for MED POL: Nineteen years of progress.
MAP Technical Reports Series No. 81. UNEP, Athens, 1994 (79 pgs.) (English
only).
MTS 77.
UNEP/FAO/IAEA: Designing of monitoring programmes and management of data
concerning chemical contaminants in marine organisms. MAP Technical Reports
Series No. 77. UNEP, Athens, 1993 (236 pgs.) (English only).
Helsinki Convention (Baltic Sea).
Guidelines For
The Baltic Monitoring Programme For The Third Stage; Part C. Harmful Substances
In Biota And Sediments. 1988. Not available for download. This publication
can be obtained from the Convention Secretariat (subject to available
stock).
Guidelines For The Baltic Monitoring Programme For The Third Stage; Part A. Introductory Chapters. 1988. Not available for download. This publication can be obtained from the Convention Secretariat (subject to available stock).
Guidelines For The Baltic Monitoring Programme For The Third Stage; Part
B. Physical And Chemical Determinands In Sea Water. 1988. Not available
for download. This publication can be obtained from the Convention Secretariat
(subject to available stock).
The OSPAR Convention, Convention for the Protection of the Marine environment of the North-East Atlantic.
JAMP Guidelines for Monitoring Contaminants in Biota. 1999. (html file)
The
Joint Assessment and Monitoring Programme (JAMP) (as amended by ASMO 1997).
(html file)
The Arctic Council, AMAP, The Arctic
Monitoring and Assessment Programme
Guidelines for the AMAP Phase 2 Assessments [PDF]
AMAP Trends and Effects Programme documentation:
Section A - Introduction [Section
A PDF]
Section B - AMAP Trend Monitoring Programme [Section
B PDF]
Section C - AMAP Effects Monitoring Programme [Section
C PDF]
Section D - Supporting Studies [Section
D PDF]
Section E - Quality Assurance and Quality Control [Section
E PDF]
Section F - Data Reporting Issues [Section
F PDF]
Section G - Appendices - (methodologies, references, etc.) [Section
G PDF]
Guidelines for the AMAP Assessment. AMAP Report 95:1. This publication
can be obtained from the AMAP Secretariat (subject to available stock).
GEF Project
Guidance
Document for the Collection, Assembly and Evaluation of Data on Sources,
Environmental Levels and Impacts of Persistent Toxic Substances. UNEP
Chemicals, 2000.(pdf file)
This document reports guidelines for data quality definition for the
monitoring activities under the common action of the GEF (Global Environmental
Facility) project. This project aims to collect data for more than the
twelve POPs in the marine environment. Guidelines cover both data collection
and data evaluation. This guidance also offers some tools such as questionnaires
and check lists of land base activities that could directly represent
a source of POPs in the marine environment.
1st
Scientific and Technical Evaluation Workshop on Persistent Manufactured
Chemicals Produced for Non-Agricultural Applications, Persistent Toxic
and Persistent Unintentional Byproducts of Industrial and Combustion Processes.
(htm file)
Useful tools such as a list of industrial activities and product uses
that can create POPs emissions with relevant indicators (Page. 28), and
the debate that preceded the elaboration of the guidance document above
mentioned, are available in this report. Presentations of general actions
for the implementation of a Regional assessment/monitoring activity are
briefly exposed in appendix4
and appendix5.
More reports are included in the full document:
Master List of Actions on the Reduction and/or Elimination of the Releases of Persistent Organic Pollutants, Third Edition. UNEP Chemicals, 2000. (pdf file)
Identification and Quantification of Dioxins and Furans Releases
Monitoring activities are sometimes performed with indirect measurements.
Indirect methods are applied trough different steps such as: identification
of sources, quantitative evaluation of the activity related to POPs production
on annual base, and final evaluation of POPs production based on emission
indexes associated with the activities. This method is with guidelines
to apply it is used in:
Standardized
Toolkit for Identification and Quantification of Dioxin and Furan Releases.
UNEP Chemicals. Geneva, January, 2001. (pdf file) Download
Emission Factors for the Toolkit.(xls file)
Regional Seas Assessment Reports
Below the assessment reports produced within the framework of Regional Seas Programme are listed in chronological order. Information on both data quality definition, working group set-up, as well as funding possibilities, are available in some prefaces of the reports as well as addresses to contact the Convention Secretariats for further information.
Find in the GPA library Other Regional Seas Reports
Global and Regional Monitoring Activities:
IOC :Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission:
- Manual
of quality control procedures for validation of oceanographic data
Man. Guides IOC. No: 26; Year: 1993.(htm file)
- GOOS: Global Oceanic Observing System.
- Gipme:
Global Investigation of Pollution in the Marine Environment. (htm
file)
- Guidance on Assessment of Sediment Quality.
Giwa, Global International
Waters Assessment.
The aim of the UNEP-led and GEF-funded Global International Waters Assessment,
GIWA, is to produce a comprehensive and integrated global assessment of
international waters.
UNEP GESAMP (Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Pollution). The state of the marine environment. UNEP Regional Seas Reports and Studies No.115. Consult the Geneva Environment Network (GEN) Environment Library
UNEP GEMS/WATER. Global Environment Monitoring System Fresh Water Quality Programme.
WHO GEMS/FOOD
Since 1976, the Global Environment Monitoring System - Food Contamination
Monitoring and Assessment Programme, which is commonly known as GEMS/Food,
has informed governments, the Codex Alimentarius Commission and other
relevant institutions, as well as the public, on levels and trends of
contaminants in food, their contribution to total human exposure, and
significance with regard to public health and trade.
